1 Peter 1

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Greeting

1 Peter, an apostleApostle: ἀπόστολος (Apostolos). The Greek apostolos (ἀπόστολος) means apostle or sent one—an authorized messenger. The twelve apostles were chosen by Christ and empowered as His witnesses, laying the foundation of the church (Ephesians 2:20). of Jesus Christ, to the strangers scattered throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, References Jesus: James 1:1. Parallel theme: 1 Peter 2:11, Deuteronomy 4:27, 28:64, Psalms 44:11, Matthew 24:22, John 11:52, Acts 8:4, Ephesians 2:19, Hebrews 11:13 +5

2 Elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the bloodBlood: αἷμα (Haima). The Greek haima (αἷμα) denotes blood. Christ's blood 'cleanseth us from all sin' (1 John 1:7), securing 'eternal redemption' (Hebrews 9:12) through His once-for-all sacrifice. Believers have been 'purchased with his own blood' (Acts 20:28). of Jesus Christ: Grace unto you, and peace, be multiplied. References Jesus: 2 Timothy 2:10. References God: Acts 2:23, Romans 11:2, 16:26. Grace: 2 Peter 1:2. Spirit: 1 Peter 1:22, 2 Thessalonians 2:13. Blood: Hebrews 12:24. Parallel theme: Mark 13:20, 13:27 +5

Born Again to a Living Hope

3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which according to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again unto a lively hopeHope: ἐλπίς (Elpis). The Greek elpis (ἐλπίς) denotes hope—confident expectation of good. This hope is 'an anchor of the soul' (Hebrews 6:19), grounded in Christ's resurrection and the believer's future inheritance (1 Peter 1:3-4). by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, References God: 1 Peter 1:23, 1 John 5:4. Grace: Exodus 34:6, Ephesians 1:7. Hope: Romans 12:12, 15:13, 1 John 3:3. Blessing: 2 Corinthians 1:3, Ephesians 1:3. Parallel theme: 1 John 2:29 +5

4 To an inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away, reserved in heavenHeaven: οὐρανός (Ouranos). The Greek ouranos (οὐρανός) denotes heaven—God's throne and the believer's eternal home. Jesus taught His disciples to pray 'Our Father which art in heaven' (Matthew 6:9) and promised to prepare a place there (John 14:2). for you, Parallel theme: 1 Peter 5:4, Psalms 31:19, Matthew 25:34, Acts 20:32, 26:18, Ephesians 1:18, Colossians 1:5, 2 Timothy 4:8, Hebrews 9:15, Revelation 21:27 +5

5 Who are kept by the power of God through faith unto salvationSalvation: σωτηρία (Soteria). The Greek soteria (σωτηρία) denotes salvation, deliverance, or preservation—rescue from sin's penalty and power. It encompasses justification, sanctification, and glorification. ready to be revealed in the last time. Salvation: Isaiah 51:6, Ephesians 2:8, 2 Timothy 3:15, Hebrews 9:28. References God: Jude 1:1. Faith: Galatians 2:20. Parallel theme: 1 Peter 1:13, Job 19:25, John 17:15, Philippians 1:6 +5

6 Wherein ye greatly rejoice, though now for a season, if need be, ye are in heaviness through manifold temptations: Parallel theme: 1 Peter 5:10, Psalms 34:19, 119:28, Isaiah 61:3, Matthew 5:12, John 16:22, 16:33, Romans 5:2, 12:12, James 1:2 +5

7 That the trial of your faith, being much more precious than of gold that perisheth, though it be tried with fire, might be found unto praise and honour and gloryGlory: δόξα (Doxa). The Greek doxa (δόξα) means glory, splendor, or magnificence—the radiant manifestation of God's perfection. Christ revealed the Father's glory: 'we beheld his glory' (John 1:14). at the appearing of Jesus Christ: Glory: Romans 2:7, Jude 1:24. Parallel theme: 1 Peter 4:12, Job 23:10, Proverbs 17:3, Isaiah 48:10, Zechariah 13:9, Malachi 3:3, 1 Corinthians 3:13, James 1:12 +5

8 Whom having not seen, ye loveLove: ἀγάπη (Agape). The Greek agape (ἀγάπη) denotes self-sacrificial, unconditional love—the highest form of love, characterizing God's nature (1 John 4:8) and the love Christians are called to demonstrate.; in whom, though now ye see him not, yet believing, ye rejoice with joy unspeakable and full of glory: Faith: 1 Peter 2:7, John 20:29, Romans 15:13, 2 Corinthians 5:7, Hebrews 11:1, 11:27. Parallel theme: 1 Peter 1:6, John 16:22, 2 Corinthians 4:18, Philippians 4:4 +5

9 Receiving the end of your faithFaith: πίστις (Pistis). The Greek pistis (πίστις) denotes faith, belief, or trust—confidence in God's character and promises. It's both intellectual assent and relational trust, central to justification (Romans 5:1)., even the salvation of your souls. Salvation: James 1:21. Faith: Hebrews 11:13. Parallel theme: Romans 6:22

10 Of which salvation the prophets have enquired and searched diligently, who prophesied of the grace that should come unto you: Prophecy: Matthew 13:17, Luke 10:24, John 7:52, Acts 7:52, 10:43. Parallel theme: Proverbs 2:4, Daniel 2:44, Matthew 26:24, John 5:39, Hebrews 11:13 +5

11 Searching what, or what manner of time the SpiritSpirit: πνεῦμα (Pneuma). The Greek pneuma (πνεῦμα) means spirit, wind, or breath—the immaterial aspect of persons. The Holy Spirit (Pneuma Hagion) is the third person of the Trinity, dwelling in believers. of Christ which was in them did signify, when it testified beforehand the sufferings of Christ, and the glory that should follow. Spirit: Romans 8:9, Galatians 4:6, 2 Peter 1:21, Revelation 19:10. Glory: John 12:41. Parallel theme: Genesis 3:15, 49:10, Isaiah 49:6, Zechariah 14:9, Luke 24:44 +5

12 Unto whom it was revealed, that not unto themselves, but unto us they did minister the things, which are now reported unto you by them that have preached the gospel unto you with the Holy Ghost sent down from heaven; which things the angels desire to look into. Spirit: John 15:26, Romans 15:19, 1 Corinthians 2:10, 2 Corinthians 1:22. Holy: 2 Corinthians 6:6. Parallel theme: 1 Peter 1:25, Mark 16:15, Ephesians 3:10, Hebrews 4:2, Revelation 5:11 +5

Called to Be Holy

13 Wherefore gird up the loins of your mind, be sober, and hope to the end for the grace that is to be brought unto you at the revelation of Jesus Christ; References Christ: Hebrews 9:28. References Jesus: 1 Corinthians 1:7. Hope: 1 Peter 3:15, 1 John 3:3. Parallel theme: 1 Peter 4:7, 5:8, Luke 12:35, 17:30, Ephesians 6:14, 2 Timothy 4:8 +5

14 As obedient children, not fashioning yourselves according to the former lusts in your ignorance: Parallel theme: Acts 17:30, Romans 6:4, 12:2, Ephesians 2:2, 5:6, 1 Thessalonians 4:5

15 But as he which hath called you is holyHoly: ἅγιος (Hagios). The Greek hagios (ἅγιος) denotes holiness—moral purity and separation unto God. Believers are called 'saints' (hagioi), those set apart for God through Christ's sanctifying work., so be ye holy in all manner of conversation; Holy: 1 Peter 2:9, Isaiah 6:3, 2 Corinthians 7:1, Hebrews 12:14. Parallel theme: 1 Peter 2:12, Matthew 5:48, Philippians 1:27, Hebrews 13:5, James 3:13, 1 John 3:3 +5

16 Because it is written, Be ye holy; for I am holy. Holy: Leviticus 11:44, 19:2, 20:7

17 And if ye call on the Father, who without respect of persons judgeth according to every man's work, pass the time of your sojourning here in fear: Parallel theme: 2 Chronicles 19:7, Jeremiah 3:19, Matthew 6:9, 22:16, Romans 11:20, 2 Corinthians 7:1, Galatians 2:6, Ephesians 1:17, Philippians 2:12, Hebrews 12:28 +5

18 Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers; Redemption: Titus 2:14. Parallel theme: 1 Peter 1:7, 4:3, Psalms 39:6, 62:10, Romans 1:21, 1 Corinthians 6:20, 7:23, Galatians 1:4, Ephesians 4:17 +5

19 But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lambLamb: ἀμνός / ἀρνίον (Amnos / Arnion). The Greek amnos (ἀμνός) means lamb. John declared Jesus 'the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world' (John 1:29). In Revelation, Christ is the slain Lamb (arnion) who alone is worthy to open the scroll. without blemish and without spot: Blood: Ephesians 1:7, Colossians 1:14, 1 John 1:7, Revelation 1:5, 5:9. Parallel theme: Exodus 12:5, Matthew 20:28, John 1:29, 1:36, 1 John 2:2 +5

20 Who verily was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you, Parallel theme: Proverbs 8:23, Micah 5:2, Galatians 4:4, Ephesians 1:4, 3:9, 3:11, Colossians 1:26, Hebrews 1:2, 9:26, Revelation 13:8 +5

21 Who by him do believeBelieve: πιστεύω (Pisteuo). The Greek pisteuo (πιστεύω) means to believe or trust—active reliance upon Christ. 'For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish' (John 3:16). in God, that raised him up from the dead, and gave him glory; that your faith and hope might be in God. Resurrection: Acts 2:24. Faith: John 12:44, Ephesians 1:15. References God: 1 Peter 3:22, Hebrews 7:25. Glory: Hebrews 2:9

22 Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truthTruth: ἀλήθεια (Aletheia). The Greek aletheia (ἀλήθεια) denotes truth or reality—that which corresponds to actuality. Jesus declared, 'I am the way, the truth, and the life' (John 14:6), embodying ultimate reality. through the Spirit unto unfeigned love of the brethren, see that ye love one another with a pure heart fervently: Love: 1 Peter 3:8, 1 Thessalonians 3:12, 2 Thessalonians 1:3, 1 Timothy 1:5, Hebrews 13:1, 1 John 3:23, 4:7, 4:12. Parallel theme: Acts 15:9, James 4:8 +5

23 Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the wordWord: λόγος (Logos). The Greek Logos (Λόγος) means word, reason, or message—the rational principle underlying reality. John identifies Christ as the eternal Logos: 'In the beginning was the Word' (John 1:1). of God, which liveth and abideth for ever. References God: 1 Peter 1:3, John 1:13, 3:3, 3:5, 1 John 3:9, 5:18. Word: Matthew 24:35, John 6:63, Hebrews 4:12, James 1:18 +5

24 For all flesh is as grass, and all the gloryGlory: δόξα (Doxa). The Greek doxa (δόξα) means glory, splendor, or magnificence—the radiant manifestation of God's perfection. Christ revealed the Father's glory: 'we beheld his glory' (John 1:14). of man as the flower of grass. The grass withereth, and the flower thereof falleth away: Parallel theme: 2 Kings 19:26, Psalms 37:2, 90:5, 92:7, 102:4, 103:15, 129:6, James 4:14, 1 John 2:17 +4

25 But the word of the LordLord: Κύριος (Kurios). The Greek Kurios (Κύριος) means 'lord' or 'master,' used both for human masters and divinely for God the Father and Jesus Christ. Its application to Jesus affirms His deity, as it translates YHWH in the Septuagint. endureth for ever. And this is the word which by the gospel is preached unto you. References Lord: Psalms 102:12. Word: Psalms 119:89, Isaiah 40:8, Matthew 5:18, 2 Peter 1:19, 1 John 1:1